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The only tile class that can have physics bodies is SKTileMapNode. You can add an array of physics bodies to your tile map node. You don’t have to create separate sprites.
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The userData is an NSMutableArray type. I think you can have anything in there that you can store in an NSMutableArray (although your own types are only available in code, not the editor dropdowns naturally). With enums, you could make them integer enums and store the integer raw value.